Arjuna said:-
Oh! Lord! At first, You spoke highly about renunciation of action ; now You are asking me to follow the Yoga of action.Kindly tell me definitely any one of these, which is more beneficial.(V-1)
Sree Bhagavan said:-
Arjuna! Renunciation of action through Yoga of knowledge and Yoga of action, both are equally effective paths for attaining liberation. But in comparison, Yoga of action is better than renunciation of action.One can be considered as a man of renunciation only when his mind is totally free from hatred and desires and is unaffected by the pairs of opposite experiences. He will then attain liberation from all bondage very easily .(V-2, 3)
Only the ignorant will say that Yoga of Knowledge and Yoga of Action are different; The wise and learned won't say so.If any one of these two is diligently followed, the result will be the same.In other words, that state of Supreme Bliss, which is reached by Yoga of Knowledge can be reached by Yoga of Action too. If one has realised that Yoga of Knowledge and Yoga of Action are one and the same; he alone has actually seen the Truth.(V-4, 5)
In fact renunciation of action without performing actions through Yoga is fraught with great hazards. But one who follows the Yoga of Action and performs all actions with his mind fixed on God, reaches the Supreme Brahman very quickly. A man, established in this Yoga and pure at heart, who has fully conquered his mind and senses and has also identified himself with the Self in all beings ; even if he performs all actions he is not tainted by them.(V-6, 7)
However, a Yogi who follows the path of Knowledge, having understood the reality of things, even when he is engaged in activities like seeing,hearing, touching, smelling,eating, walking, sleeping, breathing, speaking, excreting, grasping something, opening and closing his eyes, believes that he does nothing but only the senses are interacting with the objects. (V-8,9,)
He who performs all his actions as a dedication to God, after shaking off attachment and desire for their fruits, is not tainted by his actions, as the lotus leaf does not get wet by water in which it lives.(V-10)
The yogis who follow the path of action, perform all actions with their body, mind, intellect and senses without attachment,merely for the sake of self-purification. He who has surrendered the fruits of all his actions to God, enjoys ever-lasting peace; while he who has attachment towards the fruits of action, is bound by his actions.The Yogi who has controlled his mind and mentally renounced all actions, remains embodied in the mansion of nine gates, immersed in Bliss, without doing anything himself or causing to do anything. (V-11,12,13)
God does not prescribe doer-ship or doings for any man; nor does He dictate the contact between actions and their fruits .But everything takes place according to the inherent nature of the individual. Similarly, the omnipresent God does not partake of any body's sin or virtue. But the beings are often deluded because of their wisdom being en wrapped by ignorance.(V-14,15)
However, in the case of those whose ignorance has been destroyed by spiritual knowledge,that wisdom shines forth like sun and reveals the Supreme.(V-16)
Their mind and intellect become wholly merged in the Supreme Self; they remain constantly identified with it and finally become inseparably one with the Supreme Self.Having thus washed off all their delusions, they reach the state of Nirvana from where there is no return.(V-17)
These wise men look upon everyone with equanimity, whether it be a Brahmin endowed with learning and humility, a cow, an elephant, a dog or a chandala who eats the dog's flesh. (V-18)
Those whose mind is thus established in the unity of all beings, they conquer the whole world even in this life. Absolute Brahman is untouched by evil and is pervading equally in all beings. Therefore, these yogis remain established in Brahman.(V-19)
In that state, the enlightened soul, free from all doubts, having realised and constantly established in Brahman, is neither elated by the pleasant nor perturbed by the unpleasant.(V-20)
What internal joy is experienced by a yogi who is indifferent to external sense-objects, and has his mind fixed on the Supreme; that joy he can experience eternally, when he becomes identified with the Brahman through yoga.(V-21)
The pleasures derived from the contact of senses with sense-objects are verily sources of misery. They have a beginning and an end. The enlightened do not take delight in them.(V-22)
He alone is a yogi who can withstand the urges of lust and anger, in this very life before casting off the body; and he alone is a happy person. (V-23)
He who is happy is within himself; who rejoices in his own self; and who is illumined by the inner light of the Atman, such a Yogi who remains constantly identified with the Brahman becomes one with Brahman. Great seers whose sins have been destroyed and doubts dispelled; whose disciplined minds are fixed firmly in the Supreme and who are eager for the welfare of all beings; they attain oneness with Brahman(V-24,25)
Those wise men who have controlled their mind and freed themselves from lust and anger, having known the Atman in all its aspects, will be surrounded on all sides by bliss and eternal peace, in the state of Brahma Nirvana.(V-26)
That Yogi who has brought his senses, mind and intellect under control and is desirous of Moksha(liberation), keeps out all external objects of enjoyment out of his mind and senses, fixes his gaze between the two eye-brows and regualtes his outgoing and incoming beaths through the nostrils, he is always liberated.(V-27,28)
That Yogi who has known Me as the supreme Lord of all worlds and the enjoyer of all sacrifices and austerities, and the friend of all beings, he attains eternal peace.(V-29)
Thus ends the Fifth Chapter of Sreemad Bhagavad Gita entitled the Yoga of Renunciation of Action.
Only the ignorant will say that Yoga of Knowledge and Yoga of Action are different; The wise and learned won't say so.If any one of these two is diligently followed, the result will be the same.In other words, that state of Supreme Bliss, which is reached by Yoga of Knowledge can be reached by Yoga of Action too. If one has realised that Yoga of Knowledge and Yoga of Action are one and the same; he alone has actually seen the Truth.(V-4, 5)
In fact renunciation of action without performing actions through Yoga is fraught with great hazards. But one who follows the Yoga of Action and performs all actions with his mind fixed on God, reaches the Supreme Brahman very quickly. A man, established in this Yoga and pure at heart, who has fully conquered his mind and senses and has also identified himself with the Self in all beings ; even if he performs all actions he is not tainted by them.(V-6, 7)
However, a Yogi who follows the path of Knowledge, having understood the reality of things, even when he is engaged in activities like seeing,hearing, touching, smelling,eating, walking, sleeping, breathing, speaking, excreting, grasping something, opening and closing his eyes, believes that he does nothing but only the senses are interacting with the objects. (V-8,9,)
He who performs all his actions as a dedication to God, after shaking off attachment and desire for their fruits, is not tainted by his actions, as the lotus leaf does not get wet by water in which it lives.(V-10)
The yogis who follow the path of action, perform all actions with their body, mind, intellect and senses without attachment,merely for the sake of self-purification. He who has surrendered the fruits of all his actions to God, enjoys ever-lasting peace; while he who has attachment towards the fruits of action, is bound by his actions.The Yogi who has controlled his mind and mentally renounced all actions, remains embodied in the mansion of nine gates, immersed in Bliss, without doing anything himself or causing to do anything. (V-11,12,13)
God does not prescribe doer-ship or doings for any man; nor does He dictate the contact between actions and their fruits .But everything takes place according to the inherent nature of the individual. Similarly, the omnipresent God does not partake of any body's sin or virtue. But the beings are often deluded because of their wisdom being en wrapped by ignorance.(V-14,15)
However, in the case of those whose ignorance has been destroyed by spiritual knowledge,that wisdom shines forth like sun and reveals the Supreme.(V-16)
Their mind and intellect become wholly merged in the Supreme Self; they remain constantly identified with it and finally become inseparably one with the Supreme Self.Having thus washed off all their delusions, they reach the state of Nirvana from where there is no return.(V-17)
These wise men look upon everyone with equanimity, whether it be a Brahmin endowed with learning and humility, a cow, an elephant, a dog or a chandala who eats the dog's flesh. (V-18)
Those whose mind is thus established in the unity of all beings, they conquer the whole world even in this life. Absolute Brahman is untouched by evil and is pervading equally in all beings. Therefore, these yogis remain established in Brahman.(V-19)
In that state, the enlightened soul, free from all doubts, having realised and constantly established in Brahman, is neither elated by the pleasant nor perturbed by the unpleasant.(V-20)
What internal joy is experienced by a yogi who is indifferent to external sense-objects, and has his mind fixed on the Supreme; that joy he can experience eternally, when he becomes identified with the Brahman through yoga.(V-21)
The pleasures derived from the contact of senses with sense-objects are verily sources of misery. They have a beginning and an end. The enlightened do not take delight in them.(V-22)
He alone is a yogi who can withstand the urges of lust and anger, in this very life before casting off the body; and he alone is a happy person. (V-23)
He who is happy is within himself; who rejoices in his own self; and who is illumined by the inner light of the Atman, such a Yogi who remains constantly identified with the Brahman becomes one with Brahman. Great seers whose sins have been destroyed and doubts dispelled; whose disciplined minds are fixed firmly in the Supreme and who are eager for the welfare of all beings; they attain oneness with Brahman(V-24,25)
Those wise men who have controlled their mind and freed themselves from lust and anger, having known the Atman in all its aspects, will be surrounded on all sides by bliss and eternal peace, in the state of Brahma Nirvana.(V-26)
That Yogi who has brought his senses, mind and intellect under control and is desirous of Moksha(liberation), keeps out all external objects of enjoyment out of his mind and senses, fixes his gaze between the two eye-brows and regualtes his outgoing and incoming beaths through the nostrils, he is always liberated.(V-27,28)
That Yogi who has known Me as the supreme Lord of all worlds and the enjoyer of all sacrifices and austerities, and the friend of all beings, he attains eternal peace.(V-29)
Thus ends the Fifth Chapter of Sreemad Bhagavad Gita entitled the Yoga of Renunciation of Action.
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